Three Energies System
For a system with 3 possible energies $0$, $ε$, and $2ε$ having the $\epsilon$ level double degenerate, please find the partition function, the average energy, its entropy and specific heat.
There are possible 4 states, one with energy 0, two with energies $ε$ and one state with energy $2ε$ . The probability of one state having the energy $ε$ is $=1/Z*exp(-ε/k T)$ . Therefore the partition function Z is found from the condition that the sum of all probabilities is 1:
$Z=∑_i exp(-ε_i/k T)=∑_i exp(-β*ε_i)$
$Z=exp(-0/k T)+exp(-ε/k T)+exp(-ε/k T)+exp(-2ε/k T)=$
$=1+2*exp(-ε/k T)+exp(-2ε/k T)$
$Z=(1+exp(-ε/k T) )^2=[1+exp(-βε) ]^2$
The value of the average total energy is:
$E =<ε>=∑_i ε_i*P_i= (∑_i ε_i*exp(-βε_i ))/Z=-(1/Z) ∑_i d/dβ*exp(-βε_i )=$
$=-1/Z*d/dβ*∑_iexp(βε_i )=-(1/Z)*d Z/dβ=-d(lnZ )/dβ=k T^2*(d(ln Z))/d T$
For entropy one has
$S=-k*∑_i P_i*ln(P_i )=-k*∑_i P_i*ln(1/Z)+k*∑_i P_i*ε_i/k T=k*lnZ+1/T*<ε>$
$S=k*lnZ+E/T=k*ln (Z)+k E/β$
The heat capacity is found from the equation:
$d E=d<U>=C*d T$ so that $C=d E/d T$
The results are
$E=(-2*exp(1-βε))/(exp(-βε)+1)$
$S=2k*ln[ 1+exp(-βε) ]-2k/β*(exp(1-βε))/(1+exp(-βε))$
$C=(2*exp(2-2ε/k T))/(k T^2*[exp(-ε/k T)+1]^2 )-$
$-(2*exp(2-2ε/k T))/(k T^2*[exp(-ε/k T)+1] )=$
$=(2*e^{2-2βε})/(βT*(e^{-βε}+1)^2 )-(2*e^{2-2βε})/(βT*(e^{-βε}+1))$
The computations of the derivatives have been done online.